LLMs don't predict things. They just predict the next word.

The training gives weight to tokens when they are near other tokens. That weight is then used to pick the next word in a sequence.

Things like the context you provide help adjust the weightings of tokens - the context says this collection of tokens is important, so it filters out tokens that are traditionally far away from the context tokens from being predicted.

The "chat" part is completely separate and is just a UI to the actual LLM itself - it provides the system prompt (which is just more context tokens) which is then processed to the LLM.

You can actually see how unremarkable it is if you see GPT-2 running in a spreadsheet. Yes, you can run GPT-2 in a spreadsheet. You provide it some context words and can then trace through the entire model to see how it's predicting the next word.

pattern recognition is a different AI model from an LLM.

If you think Steve Wozniak made a bad move, check out Ronald Wayne. He's the 3rd co-founder of Apple (along with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak). He provided most of the startup funding.

A disagreement on how to run the company had him leaving and selling his share of the company a year later in 1977.

The reason for it is to act like meat, so meat eaters have a chance to try a more environmentally friendly and more sustainable alternative.

They do beef burgers because beef is horrible for the environment. Raising a pound of beef takes an immense amount of water, 17 pounds of feed and acres of land. Since there's no way you can make a vegetarian steak anytime soon (other than using mushrooms), a burger is a worthy alternative. Or I suppose salisbury steak.

Chicken is one of the best meats - it consumes a lot less water, land, and only 1.1lbs of feed is needed for 1lb of chicken meat. You aren't going to improve on those figures. Pork is in-between, at around 5lbs of feed per pound of pork. So you can see the low hanging fruit is basically beef consumption, and most beef is probably ground up for burgers than steaks.

You can say to try a curry and such, but Americans generally aren't the most adventurous eaters, and most will not wander much from burgers and fries. Even mildly spicy food (we're talking spices here, not heat) can be offputting - American food is typically blander (which they usually dress up with ranch sauce). So the goal is to get something people will try - because there are plenty of "meat eaters" who aren't going to be caught dead with a celery stick in their bloody mary. Or the thought of eating a salad is "rabbit food" and "are we poor?" (which is irony itself, given produce prices).

Fighting wildfires is extremely dangerous. It's low altitude flying, and any pilot will tell you, altitude is life. Fires also stir up wicked turbulence making it challenging to fly through. And you've got a crew of 2-3 people per aircraft who are really only a mechanical failure away from being put in danger - low altitude flying means if the engine fails there aren't many options. And while most firefighting aircraft are usually multiengine (usually - single engine aircraft do exist), an engine failure at low altitude and speeds is extremely difficult to recover from.

And those aircrew, if they end up in a crash, are right in the middle of the wildfire where it's basically impossible to rescue them.

That's why firefighting operations stop if they detect a rogue aircraft in the vicinity - be it an aircraft not obeying the restricted airspace or a drone. And they often cannot fight fires at night. And aircrews are limited - they need their rest periods as well.

An autonomous aircraft that can work itself? That means less crew put in danger if the aircraft goes down (it's a robot, it can burn up in the wildfire rather than put the crew in danger AND put the search and rescue crew in danger). It can also work at night, and it can remain working even if there's aircraft that shouldn't be there because you're not putting rescuers or firefighter lives in danger. And they can work through the night, when weather often makes the fire more vulnerable due to cooler temperatures.

Also, it takes a lot of people - if you can get these aircraft fighting fires before your crew is assembled, that's a few extra flights you can get in. Right now wildfire crews are flying in from multiple places - California had crews from Mexico, Canada, Australia and other places helping out. This only works because wildfires are pretty much in hot spots - one place might be seeing them but another place isn't, so there's available crews. If you could work without the crews, this can help before they get too thinly spread out and you have to make hard decisions on what to fight and what to leave.

You can pretend climate change doesn't exist, but wildfires season has been getting longer and longer and extended from early spring through late fall. Having the ability to fight wildfires without risking crew lives seems like a win to me.

Remember the California wildfires and the Canadian aircraft that was sidelined for a week because it crashed into a drone? That was one asset that was now stuck on the ground not helping with the wildfire effort for a week. We are limited in the number we have, so the ability to have more is certainly welcome.

Removing humans from a risky activity seems like a win to me - or if we don't, adding to the firefighting effort without risking more crews that we may not have.

Remind me how much Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates, and Mark Zuckerburg are worth again? And what was the subject of that little tax bill the Republicans pushed through Congress recently?

That's because using that money for anything else is socialism!

Funding Medicaid? Socialism!
Universal Health Care? Socialism!
Funding Scientific Research? Socialism!
Climate Change? Socialism!
and on and on and on and on

Eventually you get to the end of the list
Letting Billionaires Accumulate Wealth Faster? SPEND MORE MONEY!

With everything else being socialism and socialism being bad, well, they need something else to shovel money into, so into the hands of billionaires who will NOT complain it's socialism.

Microsoft has posted the end of support dates for a long while now 0 generally speaking it's 10 years after release. This is actually fairly well known. Windows 11 is technically in its mid cycle (release 2021) so there's at least 5 more years of support for it.

One needs to remember Windows 10 is 10 years old, and Microsoft has made getting an extra year of support trivially cheap - use OneCloud to backup your system settings (free) or 1000 reward points (which can be had with maybe a couple of weeks using Bing or less if you have other services). Or you could pay $30, but for most home users, either of the two options are likely already done and you're already eligible.

What's especially bad is it's a function. A short piece of trivial code like that is usually just a macro you'd call like "MAKE32(high,low)" rather than just a function. If you only need it once or twice, sure, avoid the macro. If you need it all over the place, create the macro. (It's also generally more efficient because that can often optimize to maybe one or two instructions, something you don't need the overheard of a function call for).

And yes, it's a useless function because it's needed everywhere so you probably have a hundred implementations already existing in the kernel. Such is the nature of the beast of large development groups is you'll end up with re-implementations of the same code, especially trivial code like this. At this point you just copy the macro and move on.

Strip searching a 13 year old girl and keeping her from communicating with her parents, WTF.

Kids need to be taught that if they get in trouble at school, that they have a right to have their parents present. Just like adults may have a lawyer. (The parents can then call a lawyer, if necessary). It is perfectly legal to request your parents be present, and they must be present if requested - school administrators may not isolate the kid from their parents.

Strip searching is technically legal if justified, but again, the kid has the right to have their parents present. I don't think an offensive joke meets the legal test since what would a strip search reveal? She has hidden an offensive joke book on her body?

Schools are not fiefdoms of the school administrator - the kids do have rights (moreso in public than private) and a fundamental one is their parents be present. Of course, the administrators often play into the fact that parents may punish their children and the child's fears of such punishments to dissuade a child from asking for parental representation... but it is a fundamental right of the child.

This also discounts the use of solar panels - which may mean you never paid for the electricity you sold to the grid. Your batteries simply charged up during the afternoon when prices are low but solar production is high.

Then you'd sell the power tot he grid during periods of high demand when prices are high, which can easily offset what you might draw from the grid during periods where your batteries might be depleted.

Of course, you likely have a surplus of electricity, so doing things like using the excess to charge your EV or run your AC to cool your house further while prices are low are generally preferred.

There are actually systems that help you do this as well so you can profit off excess solar and sell it to the grid during peak times, while using the excess in various energy storage systems - your house itself by running the AC, your hot water tank, and your EV - get those things burning up cheap excess energy so you can prioritize lower consumption during the peak periods to sell more to the grid. Profit from the duck curve.

Was this actually legitimate IP theft (which sounds a bit odd given that you still need ASML in the loop or you're going nowhere) or is it just Taiwan making Japan lose face in response to some spat where Japan made Taiwan lose face?

ASML makes a light source, and I think a stepper.

Lots of other equipment come from elsewhere - Nikon makes a lot of the "other pieces", for example, as does Canon and many other Japanese companies.

And even so, you still need chemicals - the photoresist was developed by Japanese companies so they are still the top seller of EUV photoresist chemicals to Taiwan for obvious reasons.

This is one of those tariff sticking points - ASML only makes a handful of their light sources per year - demand is such it's pretty pointless to spend billions setting up a US factory to make 1 or 2 machines a year (US demand). And likewise the EUV chemicals are only bought in limited quantities it's not worth setting up a whole chemical plant just to make them in the US. Demand is just too law unless you want to jack up tariffs so high that you're paying double or triple what the rest of the world will pay for the same products.

It might be a new return of the capacitor plague but now substandard EUV chemicals cause chips to be poorly made leading to a return of the poor quality chips like we had in the 80s. (Especially no thanks to MOS Technologies - yes, the Commodore fab - who made poor quality memory and basic 74xx logic chips that are the bane of retrocomputing enthusiasts everywhere as those chips have basically completely failed).

Easy - Netflix. You might remember a while ago that Netflix (using Level3) would be throttled by many providers resulting in a lousy streaming session. This was often worked around using a VPN service as it was discovered Level3 traffic was often being routed to a singular network port even though other links exist .

https://arstechnica.com/tech-p...

Verizon did the same a few years later - routing all of Level3 through a 10Gbps port.

https://www.zdnet.com/home-and...

Again, a VPN solved the issue.

Now, after that, a new threat emerged as mobile data started taking priority - zero rating. That is, you could watch streaming video from a few "select providers" without it impacting your data. T-mobile was a big promoter of this and offered many services (like Netflix) for free, while forcing other providers to use your data plan. Land based ISPs started doing similar things - providers who paid for the benefit found their traffic zero-rated and not counted against bandwdith quotas. This was seen as an end run around the issues mentioned earlier when ISPs wanted to bill Netflix for their traffic. Now they could bill Netflix for their traffic, but wrap it up as a "promotion" where Netflix traffic no longer counted towards your monthly 100GB transfer limit. Some sneakier things also included moments of "bandwidth management" where because Netflix paid, they'd get full bandwidth, but a provider like YouTube, who might not have paid, now gets throttled so while you could get 1080p on Netflix, you'd struggle to get 480p on YouTube, as a "help" to save your quota.

You generally don't hear of such things anymore, mostly because they were illegal, then not illegal, then illegal, and likely currently not illegal. And you certainly didn't hear of Verizon or Comcast going bankrupt because of it.

Instead, what happened was everyone started figuring out new things, like bundling services together - where you could subscribe to Comcast and they'd give you streaming services for free as part of your monthly fee.

But the purposeful mis-routing of traffic, or zero-rating stuff, doesn't happen anymore. At one point there was talk about "fast laning" traffic - certainly providers could be made to load faster - if you were a fan of news, certain news partner sites would load really fast - so you'd buy basic Internet, then subscribe to news like a cable package so you could visit CNN, Fox News, etc., much faster than normal. DInky local news sites need not apply. Or perhaps you'd purchase "Social Media" where you could do Facebook and Twitter as fast as you wanted. But has-beens like MySpace or Second Life, forget it. That never materialized because it was so obvious what was happening.

It's under review because the Corporation for Public Broadcasting lost their funding. The CPB pays for local public TV stations, and those stations are responsible for transmitting the EAS signal.

With funding cut (presumably to kill PBS) those public stations will be forced to make cut backs and many will probably close, which disables EAS for a lot of more rural communities who are probably needing it.

PBS isn't completely dead - the CPB does NOT fund PBS. Instead CPB funds small local stations, and those stations pay a bit to PBS for the programming.

Funding for PBS will be cut, of course, because many of the smaller stations will simply close in smaller markets. The larger markets will likely have enough viewers to remain solvent and can still fund PBS to an extent.

Of course, with smaller markets losing their EAS station, there will be holes in the coverage, especially in rural areas.

There is no requirement games need high end hardware!!!

Especially since it's impossible to get high end hardware today.

With Nvidia basically giving up making gaming GPUs in favor of AI cards, the top end 5000 series cards are basically never in stock.

AMD GPUs do not compete on the high end - AMD has said so.

The midrange cards costing $800 and under are still above MSRP - the low-mid range cards for $600 are still over MSRP but actually obtainable.

So a gaming PC pretty much has a budget GPU or a low-mid range GPU because that's all you can really count on. Even if you want to pay $2000 for a 5090 you can't get them.

Actually, Google was starting to segment chromebooks in various categories, and "gaming" was one of them where they would have a decent GPU. This was because many of the SoC powered chromebooks had a decent GPU in them that was way more than what you need for a web browser and video decoding.

Steam was thought of as a way to use some of the increasing GPU power available to chromebooks. These days, it's running the Android environment - Android apps pretty much all require using the GPU nowadays. And the Android gaming scene is huge, so the need for a special ChromeOS version of Steam is no longer needed.

But you can easily find gaming chromebooks out there as a high end segment.

Exactly. The whole point of the airline credit card is affiliate services. That's why your status often depends on your spending - the more you spend, the higher the status you have which enables you accessing more exclusive stuff.

While the low end is trivial stuff like free checked bags and such, spending more can get you higher status level things like lounge access or upgrades.

The airlines get a cut of all the spending, and it helps fund operations. In fact, for the big 3 airlines, it was the credit card that basically made them the profit - the air operations were in the negative post-pandemic but the credit card spending basically brought them into the black.